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TITLE: How to create own os2ldr
DATE: 2008-03-27 16:52:47
AUTHOR: Pavel Shtemenko
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Introduction
It's not a secret that IBM decided to leave off OS/2 completely, even
their excuses "support the customers until xxxx year" are just a way
to redirect you in nowhere, for example, to linux. Firstly, they can't
support physically, secondly all their support comes to "we advise you
migrate to linux". I don't mind linux at all, let it live, but without
me. That is why it is obvious that if OS/2 survives, it would be not
thanks to IBM. Actually, this article is a step trying to show whether
it is difficult to rewrite everything that depends on IBM. So, the
first part of Marlezon Ballet - os2ldr as the very first thing that
starts working if you load OS/2.
1. Where to begin
Of course from the studying of log from the debug os2ldr, it consists of:
OS2LdrD
This is clear, it is debug here also
ComPort 02f8
It's not less clearer where is the output
IODel 0113
It's a bit less obvious, but we will be deciphering completely
IODelay, it is also known as DosIODelayCnt, in hex of course.
Model fc01
Judging by the name, it's a model of a computer, if we look closer in
the output CPUID - we will definitely define that it is
CGetDHPhysMem
The name of the called function by definition PhysMem .... I think
there is no copywrite to names?
I12 639
This is how much memory int 12h reported
I1588 15360
This is how much int 15h fn 88h reported
I15E8(AX) 15360
This is how much int 15h fn E8h reported
I15E8(BX) 1472
Number of blocks of 64K in extended memory
I15E8(CY) 0
I15E8 1472
I15C7Bytes 0
This stuff is history and should not be considered.
Let's conclude, we need memory which is up to 1mb and more, less than
1mb one would have to receive at int 12h, nobody tells more about
that, and it could be on contemporary 640 or 639 (+ ExtBDA area). It
is more cool to receive the current memory at int 15h fn E820h, that
is ACPI. But as you understand, it is easier to fill in the fields
I15E8, than to redo everything. I was not lazy to check on my test
computer int 15h E800h gives a bit more memory than int 15h E820h
(acpi), just more enough for a size of the ACPI table. The conclusion
is obvious, os2ldr indeed uses int 15h E820h, but the output is shown
as simple int 15h 8E00. What can I say, both start with E8h.
SysHi 0
SysEx 0
LocHi 0
LocEx 0
CacHi 0
CacEx 0
PadHi 0
PadEx 0
MCA Watchdog supported?: NO=0;YES=non-zero. Rslt=0000
NVRam 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
AoxID 0
AoxQty 0
AoxMem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
AoxTrans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
These are antiques connected with MCA and PS/x computers from IBM,
they probably hope that at least one of them is still alive. That's
why they are checking. It's clear that there is no sense to support
this.
Int12 st 00000000 end 0009fbff
Int1588 st 00100000 end 00ffffff
Int15E8 st 01000000 end 06bfffff
This is the concluded output of RAM quantity detector.
Finder:
st 00000000 end 0009fbff loc 00000001 cac 00000000
st 00100000 end 00ffffff loc 00000000 cac 00000000
st 01000000 end 06bfffff loc 00000000 cac 00000000
This is all the same but in the way meant for writing kernel and miniFSD.
CPUUsable = 00000001
CPUWeAre = 00000001
How much is used and how much there is in general, I can say that in
my DualCode it anyway shows exactly 1.
CPUXlateMem = 00000000
PhysMem:
Base 00000000 Sz 0009fc00 Loc 00000001 Cac 00000000
Base 00100000 Sz 06b00000 Loc 00000000 Cac 00000000
SLFrm len e000
Here is in fact the rounded size of a loader.
calling getdhgetdp
Calling Get Dos Help "Get drive parameters", why DosHelp who knows, it
is called only here, but probably as everything disk at IBM is DASD,
thus everything called in DosHelp
cbResMsg=0bbe, cbDscMsg=15d3
The size of resident messages and non-resident, further we see in
os2ldr and understand that a looooong output like "IBM here please
insert the next diskette, motherfucker" for sure should not be among
resident. Having searched a little in DDK we find, file basemid.inc,
where the numbers of messages which can be related to os2ldr.msg are
contained. Let's pay attention that resident messages are available
later on, after the OS/2 is completely loaded, that is why we just
have to pick those that are possible after the loading - the remaining
will be non-resident, a couple of tries and a table is ready.
cgvi
cldr
An attempt to define antiques keyboard and video
BaseMem1:
Base 00000000 sz 0009fc00
Base 00100000 sz 06b00000
The final verdict to the memory detector, we have this much and not bite more
HiLoad=00100000
Physical address where we will load the older (senior) part of kernel to
ldrseg=1000 ldrlen=e000 &filetbl=c9b0 bootfl=0014
Physical address of the loader = 1000h, its size, address of functions
exported microFSD and flag of loading
Low/High/Ex Mem = 639/15360/94208 K
Here we once again show in a digestive way the memory detect and here
we go loading the kernel
open
Opening the kernel file. Kinda like an attempt.
opened
Opened. I just "see" the stamp on the screen "IBM Checked" (signature
"president xxxx")
KLBlock 0001
split
BaseMem2:
Base = 00000000 Sz = 0009fc00
Base = 00100000 Sz = 00f00000
Base = 01000000 Sz = 05c00000
An output of memory map
MFSDF 0001 00100000 00f00000 0000c7bc
mini-FSD 00ff3000
Here is copies miniFSD (aka os2boot) to the very tail of physical memory
ldr @ 010000 => 090000, len=e000
And here we finally came to the loader itself...
DHSeg=0100 DHLen=8b71
Selector 100h size 8b71h, that is selector 100 always, the 8000
resident loader can't take more (see the reasons in the next article
"how to write your own os2krnl"). So just to inform God knows who. May
be to scare the evil spirits of something, which didn't help OS/2 at
all.
MLen=0bbe
endlopaddr => 0008c000
skipping SMP reserved GDT selectors
Skipping of SMP selectors - this is done in order to save loading of
kernel exactly from 1800 selector, in the Real Mode the segment will
also be 1800. All that is done so that in Real and Prot Mode there was
the same cs:ip. It is very conveninent to jump from Prot to Real and
back.
And finally we start copying the kernel file.
ob flags oi-flags paddr/sel glp laddr/fladdr msz/vsz
laddrnext2=ffd80000
01 rw--sfTLa- 00001063 00b000/0b00 0001 ff800000/ff800000 001000/000fb4
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
physical address where we put it
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
this is how it would look like in FLAT
^^^
Index of the first page of the object in the kernel file
^^^^^^^^^^^^
RM selector depending on type, look at Flags
^^^^^^^^^
Flags of the segment in binary
^^^^^^^^^^
Flags of the segment in the symbolic way
^^
ordinal number in the file os2krnl
02 rw--sfTLaA 00005063 00c000/0c00 0002 ffd81000/ffd81000 00b000/00afb7
03 r-x-sfTLa- 00001065 018000/1800 000d ffd8d000/ffd8d000 00a000/00941c
04 r-x-sf-LaA 00005025 022000/0120 0017 ffd97000/ffd97000 00f000/00e865
05 rw--sf-LaA 00005023 031000/0128 0026 ffda6000/ffda6000 00c000/00c455
06 rw--sN-LaA 0000d0a3 03e000/0130 0032 ffdb3000/ffdb3000 010000/010000
07 rw--sN-LaA 0000d023 04e000/0138 0042 ffdc3000/ffdc3000 003000/002a88
08 rw--sf-LaA 00005023 051000/0140 0045 ffdc6000/ffdc6000 003000/00580a
09 r-x-sf-haA 00005035 100000/0148 0048 ffe75000/ffe75000 003000/0029bc
0a rw-BPf-h-- 00002213 103000/0000 004b ffe78000/00110000 001000/0001b0
0b rw-BPf-h-- 00002013 104000/0000 004c ffe79000/00120000 003000/0027cc
0c rw-Bsf-h-A 00006033 107000/0000 004f ffe7c000/ffe7c000 02c000/030064
0d r-x-sf-ha- 00001035 138000/0150 007b ffead000/ffead000 010000/00fdf8
0e r-x-sf-ha- 00001035 148000/0158 008b ffebd000/ffebd000 010000/00ff60
0f r-x-sf-ha- 00001035 158000/0160 009b ffecd000/ffecd000 00f000/00ee04
10 r-x-sf-ha- 00001035 167000/0168 00aa ffedc000/ffedc000 00f000/00e31c
11 r-xBsf-h-A 00006035 176000/0000 00b9 ffeeb000/ffeeb000 0d5000/0d4e69
So, now we can see that practically all the segments of os2ldr are
loaded until 1mb and only 32 bit segments after, beginning with the
first address after 1mb. I would like to note at once, not on all PC
this may be 1mb, there may be even a hole in addressation. Please,
note, the sizes, attributes and numbers of segments completely
coincide with the header LX of kernel file.
laddrnext=ffe75000
here comes the last taken address, but already in FLAT
R0DS=0170 R0CS=0178
We say that such selectors are appointed on FLAT
endlopaddr 08c000 => 057000 endhipaddr 0024b000
pagemap 05f000, fixuppt 05fc74, fixuprecs 060400
k end paddr lo/hi 00057000/0024b000, zpaddr 00057000, zsize 8000
OS2Init=1800:7f4c
This is actually the address where we will make JMP after loader has
done its job, it is extracted from LX exe and kernel, judging by
os2krnl.sym file it is called SYIInitOS2.
Then we start rewriting from kernel everything we haven't rewritten,
and at the same time we start making fix-up to 32 bit according to the
found R0DS and R0CS. We do this for a long time but tasting the
moment.
wait 0001 lo
wait 0002 lo
wait 0003 lo
wait 0004 lo
wait 0005 lo
wait 0006 lo
wait 0007 lo
wait 0008 lo
load 0009 hi
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=00100000, size=3000, remain=00000000
We copy a piece up, as A20 is included below, which means there is
only one way - through int 15h, and we go on doing the same - copy and
load.
load 000a hi
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=00103000, size=1000, remain=00000000
load 000b hi
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=00104000, size=3000, remain=00000000
load 000c hi
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=00107000, size=8000, remain=00000000
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=0010f000, size=8000, remain=00000000
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffe92c72
Here we found that a fix-up is needed, so we put it
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=00117000, size=8000, remain=00000000
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=0011f000, size=8000, remain=00000000
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=00127000, size=8000, remain=00000000
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=0012f000, size=4000, remain=00000000
load 000d hi
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=00138000, size=8000, remain=00000000
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=00140000, size=8000, remain=00000000
load 000e hi
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffec0a81
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffec0a8c
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=00148000, size=8000, remain=00000000
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=00150000, size=8000, remain=00000000
load 000f hi
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=00158000, size=8000, remain=00000000
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=00160000, size=7000, remain=00000000
load 0010 hi
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffee3572
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffee357c
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffee358a
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffee3591
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffee35a7
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffee35b6
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffee3551
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffee3481
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffee3545
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffee3538
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffee34ea
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffee34dd
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffee34ad
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffee349a
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffee3565
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=00167000, size=8000, remain=00000000
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffee66c0
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=0016f000, size=7000, remain=00000000
load 0011 hi
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=00176000, size=8000, remain=00000000
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffef4350
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffef464e
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffef465c
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=0017e000, size=8000, remain=00000000
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffefc774
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffefc76a
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=fff018cc
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=fff018c0
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=fff0187a
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=fff01870
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=00186000, size=8000, remain=00000000
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=0018e000, size=8000, remain=00000000
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=00196000, size=8000, remain=00000000
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=0019e000, size=8000, remain=00000000
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=001a6000, size=8000, remain=00000000
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=001ae000, size=8000, remain=00000000
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=001b6000, size=8000, remain=00000000
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=001be000, size=8000, remain=00000000
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=001c6000, size=8000, remain=00000000
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=001ce000, size=8000, remain=00000000
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=001d6000, size=8000, remain=00000000
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=001de000, size=8000, remain=00000000
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=001e6000, size=8000, remain=00000000
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=001ee000, size=8000, remain=00000000
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=001f6000, size=8000, remain=00000000
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=001fe000, size=8000, remain=00000000
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=00206000, size=8000, remain=00000000
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=0020e000, size=8000, remain=00000000
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=00216000, size=8000, remain=00000000
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=0021e000, size=8000, remain=00000000
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=00226000, size=8000, remain=00000000
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=0022e000, size=8000, remain=00000000
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=00236000, size=8000, remain=00000000
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=0023e000, size=8000, remain=00000000
MoveHigh src=0000b000, dst=00246000, size=5000, remain=00000000
Phew, looks like we copied everything and fixed-up it at the same
time, so we can stretch up a bit on something almost needless
BIOS Seg 5700
We added BIOS as selector, it is absolutely not used afterwards
Dmp seg 5800
Selector for dump procedure
DBCS seg 6700
I personally have no place to look up the DBCS, I don't understand
hieroglyphs.
FNT seg 6a00
The font segment for DBCS
rom
free lo
We freed a part of lower memory for the kernel and off we go to
arrange the segments as they come
load 0001 lo
^^^^
the first segment
load 0002 lo
^^^^
the second segment
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffd84317
in here we do fix-up 32 bit on this address and so on in all the
segments in SMP, total 17 pieces, which can be easily checked if you
look at the header of LX file of the kernel
load 0003 lo
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffd8ee80
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffd90dea
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffd90de2
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffd90df6
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffd907b3
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffd90c6e
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffd907bc
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffd90c74
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffd95603
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffd955f3
IODelayCnt fixup laddr=ffd955e6
load 0004 lo
load 0005 lo
LObj zfil 0003d000 for 00000455
load 0006 lo
load 0007 lo
load 0008 lo
LObj zfil 00054000 for 0000280a
done 0009 hi
done 000a hi
done 000b hi
done 000c hi
done 000d hi
done 000e hi
done 000f hi
done 0010 hi
done 0011 hi
close
We close the kernel file
dmp len 00003a9d xBDA len 0400
Here we picked up ExtBDA area (look previously, it is reported as such
that we already have), and also we picked up os2dump
sds init 01000949
dmp init 58000006
cfg 0010
no DBCS/FNT
term
termed
-16
nFAT
In the current situation microFSD, that is not FAT
DPEnd
+16
MemT
MemX
pa=00000000 sz=00001000 va=00000000 sel=0000 fl=2000 of=00000003 ow=0000
It's an output of the list of arenas - all memory blocks, ready before
the kernel start. Look DebugHandBook about arenas. Here we have object
of the kernel inself and blocks, where os2dump sits, microFSD, os2dbcs
and its font, and all free memory, including blocks, which were
defined but not used and thus marked as invalid.
pa=00001000 sz=00009740 va=ffe6b000 sel=0100 fl=2014 of=00001004 ow=ff6d
^^^^^^^
Owner
^^^^^^^^^^^
Flags of memory type
^^^^^^^
Flags of arena type
^^^^^^^^
Selector
^^^^^^^^^^^
FLAT address
^^^^^^^^^^^
Size
^^^^^^^^^^^
Physical address
pa=0000b000 sz=00000fb4 va=ff800000 sel=0b00 fl=2144 of=00001063 ow=ffaa
pa=0000c000 sz=0000afb7 va=ffd81000 sel=0c00 fl=2244 of=00005063 ow=ffaa
pa=00018000 sz=0000941c va=ffd8d000 sel=1800 fl=2344 of=00001065 ow=ffaa
pa=00022000 sz=0000e865 va=ffd97000 sel=0120 fl=2444 of=00005025 ow=ffaa
pa=00031000 sz=0000c455 va=ffda6000 sel=0128 fl=2544 of=00005023 ow=ffaa
pa=0003e000 sz=00010000 va=ffdb3000 sel=0130 fl=2644 of=0000d0a3 ow=ffaa
pa=0004e000 sz=00002a88 va=ffdc3000 sel=0138 fl=2744 of=0000d023 ow=ffaa
pa=00051000 sz=0000580a va=ffdc6000 sel=0140 fl=2844 of=00005023 ow=ffaa
pa=00057000 sz=00000900 va=ffe6a000 sel=5700 fl=2014 of=00000000 ow=ff6d
pa=00058000 sz=00003a9d va=00000000 sel=5800 fl=2001 of=00000000 ow=0000
pa=0005c000 sz=0000e000 va=00000000 sel=5c00 fl=2002 of=00000000 ow=0000
pa=0006a000 sz=00009000 va=ffe61000 sel=6a00 fl=2002 of=00000000 ow=ff21
pa=00073000 sz=0001d000 va=00000000 sel=0000 fl=2002 of=00000000 ow=0000
pa=00090000 sz=0000effc va=ffe52000 sel=0000 fl=2054 of=00001003 ow=ffab
pa=0009f000 sz=00000c00 va=00000000 sel=0000 fl=2002 of=00000000 ow=0000
pa=0009fc00 sz=00000400 va=ffe51c00 sel=0000 fl=2004 of=00000000 ow=ff37
pa=000a0000 sz=00060000 va=00000000 sel=0000 fl=0001 of=00000000 ow=0000
pa=00100000 sz=000029bc va=ffe75000 sel=0148 fl=0944 of=00005035 ow=ffaa
pa=00103000 sz=000001b0 va=ffe78000 sel=0000 fl=0a44 of=00002213 ow=ffaa
pa=00104000 sz=000027cc va=ffe79000 sel=0000 fl=0b44 of=00002013 ow=ffaa
pa=00107000 sz=00030064 va=ffe7c000 sel=0000 fl=0c44 of=00006033 ow=ffaa
pa=00138000 sz=0000fdf8 va=ffead000 sel=0150 fl=0d44 of=00001035 ow=ffaa
pa=00148000 sz=0000ff60 va=ffebd000 sel=0158 fl=0e44 of=00001035 ow=ffaa
pa=00158000 sz=0000ee04 va=ffecd000 sel=0160 fl=0f44 of=00001035 ow=ffaa
pa=00167000 sz=0000e31c va=ffedc000 sel=0168 fl=1044 of=00001035 ow=ffaa
pa=00176000 sz=000d4e69 va=ffeeb000 sel=0000 fl=1144 of=00006035 ow=ffaa
pa=0024b000 sz=00da8000 va=00000000 sel=0000 fl=0002 of=00000000 ow=0000
pa=00ff3000 sz=0000d000 va=ffe44000 sel=0000 fl=0024 of=00001003 ow=ff9d
pa=01000000 sz=00000000 va=00000000 sel=0000 fl=0001 of=00000000 ow=0000
pa=01000000 sz=05c00000 va=00000000 sel=0000 fl=0002 of=00000000 ow=0000
pa=06c00000 sz=00000000 va=00000000 sel=0000 fl=4000 of=00000000 ow=0000
SFence OK
This is kinda like a test of overloaded steck. First of all, what for,
secondly, it gives nothing, thirdly, even if it gets overloaded, the
kernel puts its own at once. Looks like it's some stuff left from the
past years, when there existed its own debugger. Personally, I never
saw such loader.
a20
Finally turned on A20
pDHt
rPIC
Made init 8259
j syi
Went to kernel and then we can see such note, that is if you have a
cable to comport and put a debug kernel.
System Debugger 8/8/97 [80786]
MaxProcesses = 1025
Symbols linked (os2krnl)
OS/2 Warp Server for e-business
(C) Copyright IBM Corp. 1987, 1999. All rights reserved.
US Government Users Restricted Rights - Use, duplication or disclosure
restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp.
Internal revision 14.039F_SMP
This is exactly where a part of direct interpretation of os2ldr ends,
and start the indirect. So, one has to put DevHlp-ers from a physical
address 1000, load all messages from os2ldr.msg, put the interrupt
handler, put OEMHLP$ driver and provide some services. And now ask
yourself, how difficult it is?
2. What to do next
First of all le't slook at .... of loader from the hobbes and read
EDM/2, we see that interface to os2ldr from the "loader" is described
in ifs.inf. Then we note that part of DevHlp is situated in the loader,
so we will go the easiest way - AltF7 in fc and in all headers in DDK
searching the DevHlp line. Almost immediately we discover a very
interesting structure in doshlp.inc, called DosHlpFunction, then comes
not less interesting structure KernelAccess. We look closer to macros
in that same file, aha, DefDosHlp and DefDiscDosHlp. We recall that a
part of the loader remains residential and another part having donw
its work is dumped (???) dropped off as launcher stages. We also
recall, that there are messages, but here it's simpler - they are all
visible in os2ldr.msg and named in basemid.inc. Considering the
standart for OS/2 work with MSG we conclude that they must be saved in
the following way:
dw number of the message
dw Offset to text of message
So, we need to make a table to give it to kernel. The table of
messages and a table of helpers, which sit in os2ldr. Then we read in
English the names of helpers, look at pddref.inf to check call
parameters and just write them. Mostly all are described in
pddref.inf, but we find some exotic ones, like DosHelpInitInterrupts.
So, we scratch the head and here in the debug window we notice -
Hello! all the pointers from IDT are looking at os2ldr, it's resident
32bit part!!! Aha! Here is the deal, we understand, all interruption
handlers must put os2ldr exactly upon the call of this function.
Further, remembering acpi and its tought fight for share IRQ we know
that we have to write in airqi table of kernel all pointers to these
interruption handlers and the main! put the flag SHARE.
So we do, trying to load and understand that something is not right
here... the driver OEMHLP$ is missing, ALTF7 on disk, gosh, it's in
os2ldr...
We look around, we have to find out if there is something not
documented in OEMHLP$. Suprirsinly, there is nothing, just defaults,
that for example, it's not declared that number ioctl 80h... Knowing,
that M$ starting to write it and that is had a very loving relations
with high bits, we decide what the hec, let's repeat it that way.
Now we do according to DebugHandBook the parameters of kernelt, jmp to
the input point and oh, miracle! it's loaded.
3. The result of the working day
It's possible to write and in bearable terms, there is nothing super
secret here besides bugs. It's a half day job for a knowing engineer
to write the task for programmers. IBM has given practically all the
info. And, I think, it waited that the info will be taken and the mass
will be created, but ah-ah, everybody hoped for IBM. May be that's
why it turned to Lynux - droped the idea, lemmings start wander around
and pervert it the best they can. Judging by JFS there are no
boundaries to perversion.
The literature used (and recommended):
- IBM DebugHandBook
- IBM DDK pddref.inf
- IBM DDK header and inc
- ACPI standard
- Ralf Brown's interrupt list
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